Anagram: All the right letters are in the clue, just in the wrong order
"Produce rowdy teenager (8)" gives GENERATE
Charades: Replace words in the clue with synonyms or abbreviations
"Produce grand line (4)" gives GROW
Homophone: The answer sounds like part of the clue
"Produced maid, by the sound of it (4)" gives MADE
Deletion: Remove letter(s) from part of the clue
"Produce shadow, ignoring ad (4)" gives SHOW
You may also see positional indicators that tell you how to arrange the elements in a clue